COS

Returns the cosine of the given angle.
Syntax
COS(number)
Number    is the angle in radians for which you want the cosine.
Remark
If the angle is in degrees, multiply it by PI()/180 or use the COS function to convert it to radians.
Example
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.

	A	B
1	Formula	Description (Result)
2	=COS(1.047)	Cosine of 1.047 radians (0.500171)
3	=COS(60*PI()/180)	Cosine of 60 degrees (0.5)
4	=COS(RADIANS(60))	Cosine of 60 degrees (0.5)

CONCATENATE

Joins several text strings into one text string.
Syntax
CONCATENATE (text1,text2,...)
Text1, text2, ...    are 1 to 30 text items to be joined into a single text item. The text items can be text strings, numbers, or single-cell references.
Remarks
The "&" operator can be used instead of CONCATENATE to join text items.
Example
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.

	A
1	Data
2	brook trout
3	species
4	32

 

Formula	Description
=CONCATENATE("Stream population for ",A2," ",A3," is ",A4,"/mile")	Concatenates a sentence from the data above (Stream population for brook trout species is 32/mile)

SUMIF

Adds the cells specified by a given criteria.
Syntax
SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range)
Range    is the range of cells you want evaluated.
Criteria    is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, or text that defines which cells will be added. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32", ">32", "apples".
Sum_range    are the actual cells to sum.
Remarks

• The cells in sum_range are summed only if their corresponding cells in range match the criteria.
  
• If sum_range is omitted, the cells in range are summed.
  
• Microsoft Excel provides additional functions that can be used to analyze your data based on a condition. For example, to count the number of occurrences of a string of text or a number within a range of cells, use the COUNTIF function. To have a formula return one of two values based on a condition, such as a sales bonus based on a specified sales amount, use the IF function.
  

Example
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.

	A	B
1	Property Value	Commission
2	100,000	7,000
3	200,000	14,000
4	300,000	21,000
5	400,000	28,000

Formula	Description (Result)
=SUMIF(A2:A5,">160000",B2:B5)	Sum of the commissions for property values over 160000 (63,000)

SIN

Returns the sine of the given angle.
Syntax
SIN(number)
Number    is the angle in radians for which you want the sine.
Remark
If your argument is in degrees, multiply it by PI()/180 or use the RADIANS function to convert it to radians.
Example
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.

	A	B
1	Formula	Description (Result)
2	=SIN(PI())	Sine of pi radians (0, approximately)
3	=SIN(PI()/2)	Sine of pi/2 radians (1)
4	=SIN(30*PI()/180)	Sine of 30 degrees (0.5)
5	=SIN(RADIANS(30))	Sine of 30 degrees (0.5)